To date, the regime has limited its response to cosmetic changes. Those actors are increasingly filling the void left by a disengaged United States and a weakened Europe. Nevertheless, to preserve their influence they are all complicit with the Algerian regime. Last year the Hirak challenged the government in an unprecedented way, leading to the resignation of former President Abdelaziz Bouteflika on April 2, after a two-decade presidency.
The pro-democracy and anti-establishment movement succeeded in putting on trial dozens of ministers and high ranking officials, including former prime minister and intelligence chiefs of the army and security services. Mismanagement, corruption and clientelism still define the Algerian rentier economy and its ruling class 3. In fact, while introducing limits to the presidential mandate and extending the prerogatives of the parliament and the judiciary, the reform adopted through a contested referendum held on Nov.
The new government has not put an end to the military interference in public life and the outcome of the referendum is yet another betrayal 9. This adds to a popular discontent fueled by a serious economic crisis afflicting the country since the collapse of oil prices in , and worsened by the coronavirus. Algeria is experiencing economic stagnation, low productivity and lack of employment opportunities.
Purchasing power and sustainable employment for the youth were severely affected by the economic crisis 13 and le Pouvoir is regarded as responsible for the ill fate of the population.
The lockdown imposed by the government to limit the spread of the virus has aggravated socio-economic grievances, leaving millions of Algerians without a job in a country that has no unemployment benefits. If you have already purchased this Report or have a website subscription, please login to continue. Explore other chapters from this report. All 40 Countries. Algeria Construction Overview View in online reader. Helping Hand The government provided 3.
Informal Market According to CAHFA, as the state only makes a very small amount of land accessible to private entities, little room remains for the formal market to expand. Residential The five-year investment plan originally aimed to build 3. Developments One of the main developments evolving in the sector is the new city of Hassi Messaoud.
Informal Housing Since the state has launched a series of slum eradication programmes in Algiers. Commercial Real Estate Latest available official statistics from late indicate that some Clearing Land In March the Ministry of Energy and Mining announced the establishment of a commission intended to develop standards for the granting of industrial land.
Outlook In September the MHUV announced intentions to construct , new public housing units in the following year, showing its commitment to sustaining a high level of funding for social housing in the short to medium term. Request reuse or reprint of article. You have reached the limit of premium articles you can view for free.
Login or register. Email address. Password Forgot password? Log in. The Report: Algeria View Full Website Subscription Options. Infrastructure developments support Algeria's growing population and exports.
Builders respond to rapid global urbanisation with more efficient spaces. The Report Algeria Explore Report. Rural migrants settled into bidonvilles , named after the flattened bidons tin cans used extensively in their ramshackle construction. After independence the bidonville population of Algiers alone soon exceeded , Bidonvilles appeared in other cities, and during the early s they emerged on the fringes of the oil camps in the Algerian Sahara. The proliferation of urban shantytowns has been a worldwide phenomenon in developing countries.
Proportionately fewer have sprung up in Algeria than in neighboring Morocco, in part because of government projects to limit urban sprawl by creating industrial villages near new factories. In the early s, industrial villages were started near Algiers and in the vicinity of Annaba and Oran.
During the first twenty years after independence, public investment was concentrated in the industrial sector, and little attention was paid to the housing sector. Private construction was minimal because of tight government regulation and difficult access to landownership. In Algiers in particular, the government sought to discourage the flood of migration by almost freezing the housing sector and confining itself to improving sanitation and public utility service.
The consequence of those policies was a severe housing shortage starting at the end of the s. By the early s, the occupancy rate per three-room housing unit stood at seven persons, and the shortfall in public housing was placed at 1 million units. In the shortage had become critical and had risen to 2 million housing units.
The shortage had resulted in an average occupancy rate of 8. Between and August , as part of a series of reforms, the government has sought to eliminate the housing backlog and has built about , public housing units and launched new housing programs for low-income groups.
Earlier plans to produce , public housing units between and achieved only a 57 percent rate of success. On 19 June , Colonel Houari Boumedienne deposed Ben Bella in a bloodless military coup, suspended the constitution.
The constitution created a single-party system and allowed the President to retain many of his sweeping powers. Boumedienne died just two years later and his successor, Colonel Chadli Bendjedid began a period of aggressive reform to liberalize and decentralize the economy.
However, these reforms did not end high unemployment or ease harsh economic conditions, leading to increased Islamic extremism. Student strikes and riots began in October amid allegations of corruption, prompting the government to declare a state of emergency. In response to these riots, a new constitution was drafted and passed by referendum in February , creating a multi-party system, granting greater personal freedoms, and minimizing the role of the military.
However, the ruling NLF party became concerned with the possibility that another political party could take power through democratic elections, prompting President Benjadid to dissolve the Parliament and resign in January A five-member High Council of State cancelled the forthcoming elections and arrested political opponents while violent demonstrations protesting these policies were held throughout the country.
The NLF responded by banning its major political opposition party, the Islamic Salvation Front, and declared a state of emergency. A new constitution was passed in , creating a bicameral legislature, reinforcing the powers of the President, and banning all Islamist parties.
The new President Abdelaziz Boutefilka won the elections, despite allegation of electoral fraud, and set about restoring peace to Algeria. His proposed Civil Concord, granting amnesty to thousands of political opponents of the NLF passed a nationwide referendum in , and he formed national commissions to reform the education system, the judiciary, and the government.
He won what are considered to be the first freely democratic elections in April , and another term in after the constitution was amended to remove presidential term limits in In response to the Arab Spring protests that spread to Algeria, Boutefilka lifted the year old state of emergency and promised further constitutional amendments to introduce more representative democracy. The Constitution also emphasizes that the people are the source of national sovereignty and that they are to exercise this power through referendums and the election of representatives.
While the Constitution recognizes a multi-party system, it bans any religious parties. It creates a system divided between a strong President, a Prime Minister and Cabinet, a bicameral Parliament, and a judicial system headed by a Supreme Court and Constitutional Council. The President of Algeria is elected directly to five year terms, and as of the amendments, has no term limits. In order to run for the office, a candidate must be solely of Algerian citizenship, be a Muslim, have an Algerian spouse, and have either a documented participation in the war for independence from France, or, if not old enough to have participated, documentation that their parents did not fight for the French in that war.
The Constitution gives a great deal of power to the President, who is not only the Head of State but also the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, responsible for national defence and foreign policy. As the Chief Executive, he also has the power to preside over the Council of Ministers, dismiss the government, and sign presidential decrees. In addition to these powers, the President may also grant pardons, submit matters for referendum, and ratify treaties.
Civilian and military employees must also be appointed by the President.
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